How It Works

How Joysticks Work

Joysticks pull off a really neat trick. They take something entirely physical — the movement of your hand — and translate it into something entirely mathematical — a string of ones and zeros (the language of computers). With a good joystick, the translation is so flawless that you completely forget about it. When you’re really

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How Capacitors Work

Inside the capacitor, the terminals connect to two metal plates separated by a non-conducting substance, or dielectric. You can easily make a capacitor from two pieces of aluminum foil and a piece of paper. It won’t be a particularly good capacitor in terms of its storage capacity, but it will work. In theory, the dielectric

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How Cell Phones Work

Cell-phone Frequencies In the dark ages before cell phones, people who really needed mobile-communications ability installed radio telephones in their cars. In the radio-telephone system, there was one central antenna tower per city, and perhaps 25 channels available on that tower. This central antenna meant that the phone in your car needed a powerful transmitter

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How Video Glasses Work

Video glasses aren’t a new idea in the high-tech world, in which they’ve been known as a kind of head-mounted display (HMD). They’re also called personal media viewers. No matter what you prefer to dub them, you can’t deny that HMD technology has improved tremendously in the past couple decades. When first widely introduced to

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How Breathalyzers Work

Why Test? ­Alcohol intoxication is legally defined by the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. However, taking a blood sample in the field for later analysis in the laboratory is not practical or efficient for detaining drivers suspected of driving while impaired (DWI) or driving under the influence (DUI). Urine tests for alcohol proved to be

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How TiVo Works

The company was TiVo, the pioneer in commercially-available digital video recorders (DVR). In its 10-year history, TiVo has sold millions of DVRs and service subscriptions. In this article, we’ll look at how the typical set works and the services TiVo provides. Several manufacturers make TiVo sets, including TiVo itself, but they all have one thing

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