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Token number display system using microcontroller

Bank token number display project is build using ATmega8 Microcontroller and ULN2003 for driving large LED display, PCB layout, Circuit diagram are self explanatory. It is capable to display three digits, its simple project using microcontroller. Token issue systems are ideal for banks, airports, public dealing offices, hospitals,doctor’s clinics, restaurants and other such places where

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Introduction to AVR Microcontroller Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

PWM is used in many industrial mostly for controlling the motor speed. The PWM is used because it’s the most efficient method comparing to the analog one. That’s why most of the modern microcontrollers today have this features build in. How does this PWM works will be described on the following circuits: On the figure

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LM35 Temperature Sensor Interfacing with ATmega32 and LED Display

LM35 series is a low cost and precision Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensor whose output voltage is proportional to Centigrade temperature scale. Thus LM35 has an advantage over other temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin as the users don’t require subtraction of large constant voltage to obtain the required Centigrade temperature. It doesn’t requires any external calibration.

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