About: Ibrar Ayyub

Source of Radiation When talking on a cell phone, a transmitter takes the sound of your voice and encodes it onto a continuous sine wave (see How Radio Works to learn more about how sound is transmitted). A sine wave is just a type of continuously varying wave that radiates out from the antenna and […]

Gamma photons interacting with cheap photodiodes produce small current pulses which are easily amplified and allow detection of individual photon events. This offers the possibility of cheap, small and rugged radiation detectors of reasonable sensitivity. While not as sensitive as larger GM-tube detectors, this solid state device is still quite useful for determining if something […]

In the next few years, we might be filling our closets with smart shirts that can read our heart rate and breathing, and musical jackets with built in all-fabric keypads. Thin light-emitting diode (LED) monitors could even be integrated into this apparel to display text and images. Computerized clothes will be the next step in […]

Series Hammond 1553 handheld enclosures has sprawled out with smaller relations. Handheld enclosures of the 1553T series with a sufficient space for a keyboard and a display was introduced to you in our recent article HAMMOND 1553T enclosures – keyboard and display in your hand. Enclosure 1553T is ideal for many relatively bigger devices, but […]

Anatomy of a Metal Detector A typical metal detector is light-weight and consists of just a few parts: Stabilizer (optional) – used to keep the unit steady as you sweep it back and forth Control box – contains the circuitry, controls, speaker, batteries and the microprocessor Shaft – connects the control box and the coil; […]

By: Alex Danovich,President San Francisco Circuits We live in an exciting time where we see a resurgence in electronics as a hobby. Mass production has wiped out a generation or two of kids learning to build radios from scratch with their mom or dad. In the good old days, not sure when, you had companies […]

The art of connecting things is becoming more and more complex every day. In this article, we will look at a method of connecting devices, called Bluetooth, that can streamline the process. A Bluetooth connection is wireless and automatic, and it has a number of interesting features that can simplify our daily lives. ­­The Problem […]

A tiny 32 bit Cortex M0+ The LPC810M021FN8 is a very interesting MCU in a 8 pin DIP package, designed to replace its 8 bit counterparts, ideal for hobbyist breadboard or through-hole printed circuit board (PCB). Being such a small and limited MCU, it has met a mixed reception since its announcement by NXP. Some […]

While there are many different types of batteries, the basic concept by which they function remains the same. When a device is connected to a battery, a reaction occurs that produces electrical energy. This is known as an electrochemical reaction. Italian physicist Count Alessandro Volta first discovered this process in 1799 when he created a […]

In the last part of my tutorial about the A4988 driver, I’m going to explain how to build a controller to adjust speed and rotation direction of a stepper motor. Schematics I used the same setup introduced in a previous post: an Arduino Uno; a LCD Keypad shield; a Pololu A4988 driver mounted on a breadboard; a NEMA17 stepper […]