About: Ibrar Ayyub

Sometimes in the embedded system world we need to process the analog world and sending the signal to the microcontroller when the analog signal exceed some predetermine limit we’ve set. Some example of this situation is to send the interrupt signal to the microcontroller operation when the temperature is already exceeds certain limit or the […]

Most of microcontrollers work within 5 volt environment and the I/O port can only handle current up to 20mA; therefore if we want to attach the microcontroller’s I/O port to different voltage level circuit or to drive devices with more than 20mA; we need to use the interface circuit. One of the popular method is […]

Back in the old days the COM port or known as RS-232 (EIA-232 standard) is one of the essential communications protocol and hardware use in many computer system installation start from small UNIX machine to the mainframe. The RS-232 protocol is used by terminal such as wyse60 or DEC vt100 which connected through direct cable […]

The user interface has the following parts. Output Device: A 16×2 alphanumeric LCD Module is used as the main output device. It can display numbers, alphabets and few symbols. It can show two line and each line can have 16 characters. The backlight enables the text to be visible even in dark. A buzzer beeps […]

This note provides basic implementation details and procedural information to design and assemble a stepper motor system. The controller discussed here is the ATmel mega8, an 8-bit microcontroller (MCU). The note consists of a general description and gives highlights of implementing a basic stepper motor system application. To amplify the application, the software was generated […]

In some of your electronic projects you may want to control a DC Motor with Atmega32 Microcontroller. We can’t connect a DC Motor directly to a microcontroller due to following reasons. A microcontroller can’t supply the current required for the working of DC Motor. ATmega32 Microcontroller can source or sink currents up to 40mA but a DC Motor needs […]

As we all know LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic display which is commonly used nowadays in applications such as calculators, laptops, tablets, mobile phones etc. 16×2 character LCD module is a very basic module which is commonly used by electronic hobbyists and is used in many electronic devices and project. It can display 2 lines […]

Similar to printing ‘Hello World’ in C or C++, the very first step towards programming a microcontroller is Blinking a LED with a delay. Atmega32 is a very popular high performance 8 bit AVR Microcontroller. For this example project we need to use two registers DDR and PORT. DDR stands for Data Direction Register, it […]

Recently I was working on a project that involved rotary encoder. I thought I’d share some thoughts on how rotary encoder can be interfaced and programmed. Actually it is easy to work with rotary encoders – interfacing is simple – only three wires are required to connect to microcontroller (two for signal (quadrature outputs) and […]

Some time ago I’ve build a prototyping board with graphical LCD. It have served for various small projects and prototypes. Had a spare temperature sensor DS18B20 and decided to put simple temperature display project. GLCD board is equipped with Atmega32 microcontroller running at 16MHz. DS18B20 sensor is connected to port D pin 6. LED connected […]