About: Ibrar Ayyub

Overview of Servo Motor A servo motor is an electrically powered actuator that allows for precise control of angular rotation. It provides controlled movement important for applications like robotic arms that require precision. The rotation angle is dictated by a PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal sent to the motor. Varying the width of the PWM pulses […]

In this lab, we will be preparing our AVR microcontroller hardware for initial programming and debugging. To get started, follow these steps: Construct the circuit as shown on your breadboard. This will allow us to interface our microcontroller with external components. For reference on pin connections and specifications, consult the microcontroller’s datasheet. The datasheet is […]

This tutorial will guide us through acquiring the necessary tools and setting up our environment for C programming and embedded development using 8-bit AVR microcontrollers. Specifically, it will cover: The tools required for AVR development using the free Atmel Studio IDE on Windows. Building a simple circuit with an AVR microcontroller and flashing LED. Writing […]

This project will use the Microchip AC164160 AVR-IoT WG Evaluation Board to build an Internet of Things (IoT) development environment and application. The board is designed for prototyping IoT solutions that securely connect sensors to the cloud. Specifically, we will configure the AVR-IoT WG board and Google Cloud to read hardware sensors and transmit real-time […]

Abstract This Internet of Things (IoT) project utilizes speech recognition to display announcements on a light-emitting diode (LED) matrix notice board. By leveraging Google Assistant’s speech-to-text capabilities, notices can be verbally dictated rather than manually typed, saving time and reducing the risk of unauthorized modifications. The proposed system is built around an Arduino microcontroller and […]

Introduction For many years, freshmen Computer Engineering students at California Polytechnic State University have taken a course introducing electronics manufacturing processes. Lectures cover CAD/CAM design, Design for Manufacture, documentation, prototyping and planning. The lab allows students to build skills in project planning, soldering, automation, tool usage and production methods by manufacturing their own power supply […]

Embedded Microcontroller Software: Embedded software presents a distinct challenge due to the critical need for reliability in continuously operating microcontroller systems. To ensure faultless long-term performance, best practices include thorough coding, documentation, and testing. While not specifically designed for microcontrollers, the C programming language remains a popular choice due to its structured approach that compiles […]

The ATMega32 is an widely used microcontroller from Atmel. It shares many similarities with the ATMega328P but has a more reduced memory capacity. However, the ATMega32 makes up for this with a greater number of input/output pins available. A key advantage of the ATMega32 is that each GPIO pin can exclusively support either digital input/output […]

7-segment displays comprise 8 LED elements – 7 linear segments that form numerals, plus a circular dot. Numbers 0-9 and some letters (A, C, D, E, F, H, L, O, P, U) are represented using combinations of the 7 lines. The dot creates decimals. Each element connects to a dedicated pin, allowing individual control. Pins […]

In this tutorial, I will walk through interfacing a push button with the Atmega16 microcontroller. It is assumed the reader has some familiarity with basic microcontroller concepts from my previous post on blinking an LED. Before connecting a push button, we must understand how to configure ports for input and output. Ports need to be […]